In 452, it was destroyed by the Huns under Attila's orders, and later by the Ostrogoths and the Lombards. This entrenched fort was occupied by the Legio XV Apollinaris. Īround 50 BC, the Romans built a military encampment that later became a permanent settlement called Iulia Aemona. One of the discoveries was an ancient Roman public bath house. In the Baroque, it became part of the coat of arms, and in the 19th and especially the 20th century, it outstripped the tower and other elements in importance.Įxcavations at the building site of the planned new National and University Library of Slovenia. According to another explanation, related to the second, the dragon was at first only a decoration above the city coat of arms. In the legend of Saint George, the dragon represents the old ancestral paganism overcome by Christianity. It is historically more believable that the dragon was adopted from Saint George, the patron of the Ljubljana Castle chapel built in the 15th century. This monster evolved into the dragon that today is present in the city coat of arms and flag. According to Greek legend, the Argonauts on their return home after having taken the Golden Fleece found a large lake surrounded by a marsh between the present-day towns of Vrhnika and Ljubljana. According to a Slavic myth, the slaying of a dragon releases the waters and ensures the fertility of the earth, and it is thought that the myth is tied to the Ljubljana Marsh, the expansive marshy area that periodically threatens Ljubljana with flooding. Several explanations describe the origin of the Ljubljana Dragon. It represents power, courage, and greatness. It is depicted on the top of the tower of Ljubljana Castle in the Ljubljana coat of arms and on the Ljubljanica-crossing Dragon Bridge ( Zmajski most). The city's symbol is the Ljubljana Dragon. The name Laibach, he claimed, was actually a hybrid of German and Slovene and derived from the same personal name. Linguist Silvo Torkar, who specialises in Slovene personal and place names, argued that the name Ljubljana derives from Ljubija, the original name of the Ljubljanica River flowing through it, itself derived from the Old Slavic male name Ljubovid, "the one of a lovely appearance". He supported the thesis that the name of the river derived from that of the settlement. The origin from the Slavic ljub- "to love, like" was in 2007 supported as the most probable by the linguist Tijmen Pronk, a specialist in comparative Indo-European linguistics and Slovene dialectology, from the University of Leiden. ![]() įor most scholars, the problem has been in how to connect the Slovene and the German names. This part of the Life is based on a north Italian source written not long after the conquest of 774. The Greek form of the latter, Λυπλιανές ( Lyplianes), is attested in a 10th-century source, the Life of Gregentios, which locates it in the country of the Avars in the 6th century. The earliest attestation of the German name is from 1144 and the earliest attestation of the Slovenian form is 1146. The city is called Lubiana in Italian, in Latin: Labacum and anciently Aemona. This name was in official use as an endonym until 1918, and it remains frequent as a German exonym, both in common speech and official use. ![]() In the Middle Ages, both the river and the town were also known by the German name Laibach. The origin of the name Ljubljana is unclear. 7.6 Popular urban culture and alternative sceneĭepiction of the city's coat of arms featuring the dragon on top of the castle, from Valvasor's The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola, 1689.7.5.2 Classical music, opera and ballet.The city retained this status until Slovenia became independent in 1991 and Ljubljana became the capital of the newly formed state. After World War II, Ljubljana became the capital of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was under Habsburg rule from the Middle Ages until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. Situated at the middle of a trade route between the northern Adriatic Sea and the Danube region, it was the historical capital of Carniola, one of the Slovene-inhabited parts of the Habsburg monarchy. ![]() Ljubljana itself was first mentioned in the first half of the 12th century. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center.ĭuring antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the area. Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918)
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